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Approach Parts What it means
Original Medicare  Part A (hospital insurance) 
 
Part B (medical insurance) 

Provided by Medicare 

Fee-for-service 

Individuals cover deductibles, co-pays, andco-insurance for medically approved products and services (no out-of-pocketlimit)  

Most people don't pay for Part A premiums but will need to pay for Part B premiums every month 

Higher-income households will pay an additional amount. Additional amount based on income from sources including gains from security sales, taxable and tax-exempt interest and dividend payments, retirement plan distributions, and more

Premiums may be higher if you didn't enroll during the initial enrollment period
Medigap  Added to Part A and B
Private insurance 

Standardized coverage options 

Premiums differ by plan and provider 

Coverage works in any state 

Helps pay for out-of-pocket costs (deductibles, co-pays, co-insurance) covered under Parts A and B 

High-deductible plans have an out-of-pocket limit
Medicare Advantage  
Part C (covers Part A and B plus possible otherbenefits) 
Private insurance 

Managed care 

Selected physicians, hospitals, and pharmacies based on the plan's network and service areas within the state 

Premiums may be lower than Medigap insurance 

You pay copays, deductibles, and coinsurance up to a maximum out-of-pocket limit set by the insurer 

Usually includes prescription drug coverage so stand-alone Part D generally not needed 

May offer additional services like vision, dental, hearing, and wellness services

Medigap NOT needed 
Prescription Drugs 

Part D (prescription drug coverage) 
Private insurance  

Covers prescription drug coverage 

Individuals will need to pay deductibles, co-pays, and co-insurance up to a maximum out-of-pocket amount for covered 
prescription drugs 

Covered drugs often change year to year for each insurance company 
Disclosure Title
Source
Disclosure

Schwab Center for Financial Research.